Please help Correlation sheet
Fill in the blanks:
8.1. The magnitude of the correlation is indicated by the correlation _____ which can range from -1.00 to +1.00.
8.2. The most common and efficient way to present the correlations of several variables with each other is by using a(n) ______ table.
8.3. The correlation between two variables can be shown graphically by a ________.
8.4. The null hypothesis predicts that the correlation coefficient is equal to _______.
8.5. The Spearman rank order correlation is used when the variables to be correlated are measured on a(n) ______ scale.
Circle the correct answer:
8.6. The hypothesis that states that r¹0 is an example of a(n) alternative/null hypothesis.
8.7. When an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in the other variable, the correlation between these two variables is positive/negative.
8.8. In order to use the Pearson product-moment correlation, the variables to be correlated should be measured on an ordinal/interval scale.
8.9. When the points on a scattergram go from the bottom left to the top right they represent a positive/negative correlation.
8.10. The true correlation between two variables may be underestimated when the variance of one of the variables is very high/very low.
8.11. When the null hypothesis is rejected at p<.001, it means that the chance that r=0 is very small/very high.
8.12. The null hypothesis is rejected when the obtained correlation coefficient is higher/lower than the critical value.
Answer/compute the following questions:
8.13 Which correlation coefficient (a or b) shows a stronger relationship between the two variables being correlated?
a. X1&Y1: r = .85
b. X2&Y2: r = -.94
8.14. Following are two scattergrams (in Figure A and in Figure B). Four different correlation coefficients are listed under each scattergram. Choose the coefficient that best matches each scattergram.
Y Y
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X
X
Figure A Figure B
A1. r= .50 B1. r= -.57
A2. r= .78 B2. r= .92
A3. r= -.10 B3. r= .38
A4. r= -.89 B4. r= -.91
8.15 Following is a scattergram showing the scores of 8 statistics students on two tests, X and Y. Each of the first 7 students is represented by a dot and their scores are listed in the table that follows. Use the scattergram to find the scores of student #8 on test X and test Y. The location of this student on the scattergram is represented by a large dot (•) next to number 8.
Y
1 4
4 · ·
5 2
3 · ·
6 8
2 · ·
7 3
1 · ·
X
1 2 3 4 5
Student # X Y
1 2 4
2 3 3
3 2 1
4 5 4
5 2 3
6 2 2
7 1 1
8 ? ?
8.16 What do these two scattergrams have in common?
Y Y
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8.17 Estimate (do not calculate!) the correlation between the advertising spending and sales that were obtained over a 5 year span. Indicate whether the correlation is positive or negative, and whether it is high or low. Explain your answer.
Year Ad Spending Sales
1 $21,000 $83
2 15,000 70
3 17,000 68
4 25,000 90
5 19,000 74
8.18 Estimate (do not calculate!) which of the two sets of consumer research studies (A&B or X&Y) has a higher correlation. Explain your answer.
Set 1 Set 2
Study # A B Study # &nb
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